![]() ![]() ‘Chain Reaction’ describes repeating cycles of replication which target a specific segment of a chromosome and use a “copy the copies” progression each cycle that doubles the amount of DNA copies of a specific segment of DNA present each cycle. ‘Polymerase’ because DNA Polymerase III is required for constructing new DNA strands, just like in a living cell. The name ‘Polymerase Chain Reaction’ represents the nature of the process. It should be noted that because Dr. Kerry Mullis had learned about the details of in vivo DNA replication, he could create this science changing in vitro method.īefore reading the description of PCR components and processes, watching this video can help you visualize the importance of each step, Name and Chemical Components of PCR Mullis imagined a chemical reagent and a temperature change step in the method that could perform the work of the other two enzymes. However, PCR works as an in vitro DNA replication process by using just one of these enzymes. There are other enzymes that play an important role in in vivo replication. Figure 1 below illustrates the key parts of In vivo DNA replication that are the basis for PCR success. Every living cell makes a duplicate copy of each chromosome before the cell is ready to divide. This laboratory technique is modeled after an In vivo process, the living cell’s natural ability to replicate DNA during normal cell cycles (see Lesson on DNA: The Genetic Material). PCR is an In Vitro process a series of chemical reactions that happen outside of a living cell. Selling the equipment and reagent kits for PCR is a multi-billion-dollar business because DNA and RNA detection is critical information in many applications. In the decades since, the polymerase chain reaction or PCR, has become the standard method used for detecting specific DNA or RNA sequences. This late-night thinking led to a revolutionary way to make laboratory copies of DNA molecules (Saiki et al. Mullis was imagining a better way to study DNA. In 1983, Kary Mullis was driving along a Californian mountain road late one night. ![]() PCR’s strengths, weaknesses, and applications to plant biotechnology are explained. Examples of interpreting results are given. This lesson describes how a PCR reaction works, what it accomplishes, and its basic requirements for success. The polymerase chain reaction laboratory technique is used in a variety of applications to make copies of a specific DNA sequence. List possible uses of PCR in genetic testing and in research.Describe the process of observing results and interpreting results of a PCR experiment.List the functions of the 3 temperature cycles which are repeated during a PCR reaction.List the 5 chemical components of a PCR reaction and describe their roles.At the completion of this PCR lesson, learners will be able to: ![]()
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